[Python] Why is my create_spend_chart output not matching the required format? [closed]

I’m trying to solve a project where I build a Category class and a create_spend_chart function to create a text-based spend chart. My Category class methods (deposit, withdraw, transfer) seem to work fine.

But when I run create_spend_chart, the formatting is wrong — the spacing and alignment don’t exactly match what the project requires.

For example, my category names printed vertically are not perfectly aligned with the bars, and sometimes there are missing spaces.

enter code here


Here is my code:

Here is my code:

class Category:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.ledger = []

def deposit(self, amount, description=""):
self.ledger.append({"amount": amount, "description": description})

def withdraw(self, amount, description=""):
if self.check_funds(amount):
self.ledger.append({"amount": -amount, "description": description})
return True
return False

def get_balance(self):
return sum(item["amount"] for item in self.ledger)

def transfer(self, amount, other_category):
if self.check_funds(amount):
self.withdraw(amount, f"Transfer to {other_category.name}")
other_category.deposit(amount, f"Transfer from {self.name}")
return True
return False

def check_funds(self, amount):
return amount <= self.get_balance()

def __str__(self):
title = self.name.center(30, "*") + "\n"
items = ""
for item in self.ledger:
description = item["description"][:23]
amount = f"{item['amount']:.2f}"[:7]
items += f"{description:<23}{amount:>7}\n"
total = f"Total: {self.get_balance():.2f}"
return title + items + total


def create_spend_chart(categories):
total_spent = 0
category_spending = []

# Calculate total spent per category
for category in categories:
spent = sum(-entry["amount"] for entry in category.ledger if entry["amount"] < 0)
category_spending.append({"name": category.name, "spent": spent})
total_spent += spent

# Calculate percentage spent per category
for item in category_spending:
percent = (item["spent"] / total_spent) * 100
item["percent"] = int(percent // 10) * 10

# Begin creating the chart
chart = "Percentage spent by category\n"

# Create the vertical chart with percentages from 100 to 0
for i in range(100, -1, -10):
line = str(i).rjust(3) + "|"
for item in category_spending:
if item["percent"] >= i:
line += " o "
else:
line += " "
chart += line + " \n"

# Add the bottom border
chart += " " + "-" * (len(categories) * 3 + 1) + "\n"

# Add the category names vertically below the bar
max_length = max(len(item["name"]) for item in category_spending)
for i in range(max_length):
line = " "
for item in category_spending:
if i < len(item["name"]):
line += item["name"] + " "
else:
line += " "
chart += line.rstrip() + "\n"

return chart.rstrip("\n")


# Example Usage
food = Category("Food")
clothing = Category("Clothing")
entertainment = Category("Entertainment")

food.deposit(1000, "Initial deposit")
food.withdraw(150.25, "Groceries")
food.withdraw(50.75, "Snacks")

clothing.deposit(500, "Initial deposit")
clothing.withdraw(150, "Jeans")

entertainment.deposit(800, "Initial deposit")
entertainment.withdraw(300, "Movies")

print(create_spend_chart([food, clothing, entertainment]))

Continue reading...