[Python] what does {sys.executable} do in jupyter notebook?

I bought a book which comes with jupyter notebook. In the first chapter, it asks me to install required libraries. It use {sys.executable} -m. I never see it before. what does {sys.executable} and -m do? also why use --user at the end?

typically, I just use ! pip install numpy==1.19.2

Anyone can help me understand it? Thank you!


import sys

!{sys.executable} -m pip install numpy==1.19.2 --user
!{sys.executable} -m pip install scipy==1.6.2 --user
!{sys.executable} -m pip install tensorflow==2.4.0 --user
!{sys.executable} -m pip install tensorflow-probability==0.11.0 --user
!{sys.executable} -m pip install scikit-learn==0.24.1 --user
!{sys.executable} -m pip install statsmodels==0.12.2 --user
!{sys.executable} -m pip install ta --user

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