I just started learning Selenium and need to verify a login web-page using a jenkins machine in the cloud, which doesn't have a GUI. I managed to run the script successfully on my system which has a UI. However when I modified the script to run headless, it fails saying unable to locate element. My script is as follows: #!/usr/bin/env python3 from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager import time import argparse chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') chrome_options.add_argument('--window-size=1120, 550') chrome_options.add_argument('--headless') chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') chrome_options.add_argument('--allow-running-insecure-content') driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install(), chrome_options=chrome_options) driver.implicitly_wait(5) lhip = '13.14.15.16' user = 'username' paswd = 'password' parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('-i', '--lh_ip', type=str, metavar='', default=lhip, help='Public IP of VM' ) parser.add_argument('-u', '--usr', type=str, metavar='', default=user, help='Username for VM') parser.add_argument('-p', '--pwd', type=str, metavar='', default=paswd, help='Password for VM') args = parser.parse_args() lh_url = 'https://' + args.lh_ip + '/login/' driver.get(lh_url) try: if driver.title == 'Privacy error': driver.find_element_by_id('details-button').click() driver.find_element_by_id('proceed-link').click() except: pass driver.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys(args.usr) driver.find_element_by_id('password').send_keys(args.pwd) driver.find_element_by_id('login-btn').click() driver.implicitly_wait(10) try: if driver.find_element_by_tag_name('span'): print('Login Failed') except: print('Login Successful') driver.close() The python script works fine on my system when used without the chrome_options. However upon adding them to run in headless mode, it fails with the following output: [WDM] - Current google-chrome version is 85.0.4183 [WDM] - Get LATEST driver version for 85.0.4183 [WDM] - Driver [/home/ramesh/.wdm/drivers/chromedriver/linux64/85.0.4183.87/chromedriver] found in cache Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ramesh/practice_python/test_headless.py", line 44, in <module> driver.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys(args.usr) File "/home/ramesh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 360, in find_element_by_id return self.find_element(by=By.ID, value=id_) File "/home/ramesh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 978, in find_element 'value': value})['value'] File "/home/ramesh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 321, in execute self.error_handler.check_response(response) File "/home/ramesh/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace) selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":"[id="username"]"} (Session info: headless chrome=85.0.4183.121) Since I have about one day's learning of Selenium, I may be doing something rather silly, so would be very grateful if someone showed me what I've done wrong. I've googled a lot and tried many things but none worked. Also why is it saying "css selector" when I have only used id for username? Continue reading...