I'm doing a CTF of my IT-Security course right now, and have to find a token for a Kerberos registration service. The server uses a faulty RSA-like encryption. (yes, this on purpose and not changeable). Is there a way for me to retrieve the token without brute-forcing it? I have a lot of code afterwards which will need thorough testing but it takes 10-15 minutes every time I test it because I have to brute-force a token first. Server: if option == "get_token": e = 0x10001 self.token = secrets.randbits(16) # I heard with RSA you need some kind of private key to reverse this. # Although I didn't read the article very thoroughly. token_enc = pow(self.token, e) return { "token": hex(token_enc) } My Code: e = 0x10001 #guess token enc_token = int(get_token()["token"], 16) for token in range(2 ** 16): print(token) if pow(token, e) == enc_token: print("SOLVED! " + str(token)) right_token = token break Continue reading...