I don't want to convert things like \n \r so I can't use unicode_escape directly. But my code is very slow now, is there any better way? def only_transform_backslash_u(content): new_content = b'' idx = 0 while idx < len(content): if content[idx:idx+2] == b'\\u': new_content += content[idx:idx+6].decode('unicode_escape').encode('utf-8') idx += 6 else: new_content += content[idx:idx+1] idx += 1 return new_content Here is the sample input and expected output: INPUT content = br'''\u25c6\u4e00\u53ea\n\u68d5\u8272\r\u7684\u72d0 \u72f8\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e00\u53ea\u61d2\u60f0\u7684\u72d7''' OUTPUT new_content = br'''\xe2\x97\x86\xe4\xb8\x80\xe5\x8f\xaa\n\xe6\xa3\x95\xe8\x89\xb2\r\xe7\x9a\x84\xe7\x8b\x90 \xe7\x8b\xb8\xe8\xb7\xb3\xe8\xbf\x87\xe4\xb8\x80\t\xe5\x8f\xaa\xe6\x87\x92\xe6\x83\xb0\xe7\x9a\x84\xe7\x8b\x97''' Continue reading...