I have an excel file containing data. I'm looking for a simple way to ensure that this data has not been modified. How can I do this using Python (2.x and 3.x)? EDIT I've simplified the question because leaving only what I actually needed at the time. Simple solution to do such things is to use existing checksum calculation libraries on the file content. Example using SHA512 in Linux: sha512sum excel_file.xlsx Example in Python, giving the same result as above: import hashlib h = hashlib.sha512() with open('crc.py', 'rb') as f: contents = f.read() h.update(contents) print(h.hexdigest()) Continue reading...