I'm new in python and I'm trying to draw a Torus. I want my torus to look like the one here, but my following code doesn't work. import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D # Parameters for the torus R = 2 # Major radius r = 1 # Minor radius # Create a meshgrid for u (angle around the main circle) and v (angle around the tube) u = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100) v = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 50) u, v = np.meshgrid(u, v) # Parametric equations for the torus x = (R + r * np.cos(v)) * np.cos(u) y = (R + r * np.cos(v)) * np.sin(u) z = r * np.sin(v) # Plotting fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') # Torus surface ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, rstride=1, cstride=1, color='lightblue', edgecolor='gray', alpha=0.6) # Add lines of latitude (constant v, varying u) for j in np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 12): # meridians x_line = (R + r * np.cos(j)) * np.cos(u[0]) y_line = (R + r * np.cos(j)) * np.sin(u[0]) z_line = r * np.sin(j) * np.ones_like(u[0]) ax.plot(x_line, y_line, z_line, color='darkblue', linewidth=1) # Add lines of longitude (constant u, varying v) for i in np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 12): # parallels x_line = (R + r * np.cos(v[:, 0])) * np.cos(i) y_line = (R + r * np.cos(v[:, 0])) * np.sin(i) z_line = r * np.sin(v[:, 0]) ax.plot(x_line, y_line, z_line, color='darkred', linewidth=1) # Set aspect and remove axes ax.set_box_aspect([1, 1, 1]) ax.axis('off') plt.title("Torus with Parallels and Meridians") plt.show() How can I draw a torus in this fashion? Continue reading...
