I am trying to understand how binary files work. I opened pdf file (book page) in binary format with python interpreter and then printed part of context on the screen: b'%PDF-1.4\r\n%\xe2\xe3\xcf\xd3\r\n19 0 obj\r\n<<\r\n/Linearized 1\r\n/L 60759\r\n/H [ 1325 184 ]\r\n/O 21\r\n/E 58759\r\n/N 1\r\n/T 60252\r\n>>\r\nendobj\r\n ... and the main contents of the file looks like this: \r\nstream\r\nh\xde\x1c\xc3\x03\x90\x10\x08\x00\x00\xc0\xcb\xae\xcf\xc6\x7f\xb6\xed\xfal\xdb\xb6\x8d\xc9\xb6m\xdb\xb6m\xdb\xb6];\xed\xcc\x06\x04\xfc\x15\xc8\xc0\x061\xa8\xc1\x0cn\x08C\x1a\xca\xd0\x861\xac\xe1\x0co\x04\xff1\xa2\x91\x8cl\x14\xa3\x1a\xcd\xe8\xc60\xa6\xb1\x8cm\x1c\xe3\x1a\xcf\xf8&\xf0_\xff3\xa1\x89Ll\x12\x93\x9a ... If I understand it correctly, interpreter already converted all binaries it could into text - here we received text "nendobj", "Linearized", etc. I checked other symbol combinations, f.e. \xde and they are not valid binaries. What do they represent then? Continue reading...