[Python] Pandas continous time periods

Given a table:

id cost from to
43 4 2025-09-01 01:00:00 2025-09-01 01:30:00
42 4 2025-09-01 01:30:00 2025-09-01 02:00:00
41 4.8 2025-09-01 02:00:00 2025-09-01 02:30:00
40 4.05 2025-09-01 02:30:00 2025-09-01 03:00:00
39 4 2025-09-01 03:00:00 2025-09-01 03:30:00
37 5.16 2025-09-01 04:00:00 2025-09-01 04:30:00
35 3.72 2025-09-01 05:00:00 2025-09-01 05:30:00
34 5 2025-09-01 05:30:00 2025-09-01 06:00:00
33 8.8 2025-09-01 06:00:00 2025-09-01 06:30:00
24 11.97 2025-09-01 10:30:00 2025-09-01 11:00:00
23 8.8 2025-09-01 11:00:00 2025-09-01 11:30:00

import pandas as pd

data = {
"cost": {
43: 4,
42: 4,
41: 4.8,
40: 4.05,
39: 4,
37: 5.16,
35: 3.72,
34: 5,
33: 8.8,
24: 11.97,
23: 8.8,
},
"from": {
43: "2025-09-01 01:00:00+0100",
42: "2025-09-01 01:30:00+0100",
41: "2025-09-01 02:00:00+0100",
40: "2025-09-01 02:30:00+0100",
39: "2025-09-01 03:00:00+0100",
37: "2025-09-01 04:00:00+0100",
35: "2025-09-01 05:00:00+0100",
34: "2025-09-01 05:30:00+0100",
33: "2025-09-01 06:00:00+0100",
24: "2025-09-01 10:30:00+0100",
23: "2025-09-01 11:00:00+0100",
},
"to": {
43: "2025-09-01 01:30:00+0100",
42: "2025-09-01 02:00:00+0100",
41: "2025-09-01 02:30:00+0100",
40: "2025-09-01 03:00:00+0100",
39: "2025-09-01 03:30:00+0100",
37: "2025-09-01 04:30:00+0100",
35: "2025-09-01 05:30:00+0100",
34: "2025-09-01 06:00:00+0100",
33: "2025-09-01 06:30:00+0100",
24: "2025-09-01 11:00:00+0100",
23: "2025-09-01 11:30:00+0100",
},
}

table = pd.DataFrame(data)


I'd like to know what the continuous periods are. i.e 01:00 to 03:30, 05:00 to 06:30, and 10:30 to 11:30.

The period 4:00 to 4:30 would not be a continuous period because it does not continue with a time period before it or after it.

The time periods could be of any length; in this example they are all 30 minute segments.

How do I do this? Thank you.

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