[Python] OLED keyboard with rotary encoder input

Im using an SSD1306 128x64 OLED, and a rotary encoder, I'm trying to set up a menu system that initially shows some basic details. there is then a menu to go back to details or enter setup mode, setup mode then displays available wifi SSIDs. once you select a SSID I want to enter a keyboard layout to enter and store a WIFI password. I'm still relatively new to python programming, but I am running struggling to fix this issue. getting the encoder to actually enter the correct menu is hit or miss, sometimes goes back to the detail screen, sometimes goes to the next screen, when you manage to get to the keyboard screen it will currently cut off the bottom layer, before it was incorrectly spacing the bottom layer. code for OLED/encoder/details below

# === WiFi Menu Options ===
wifi_menu_items = ["Setup", "Details"]
wifi_menu_index = 0

# === WiFi_Menu_Function
def display_wifi_menu(index):
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("WiFi Menu", 0, 0)

# Ensure the index is within bounds
index = max(0, min(index, len(wifi_menu_items) - 1))

for i, item in enumerate(wifi_menu_items):
prefix = ">" if i == index else " "
oled.text(prefix + item, 0, 10 + i * 10)

oled.show()


keyboard_pages = {
'abc': [
["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j"],
["k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t"],
["u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "0", "1", "2", "3"],
["4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "-", "_", ".", ","],
["[ABC]", "[SYM]", "[SPACE]", "[<]", "[ENT]"]
],
'ABC': [
["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J"],
["K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T"],
["U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z", "0", "1", "2", "3"],
["4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "-", "_", ".", ","],
["[abc]", "[SYM]", "[SPACE]", "[<]", "[ENT]"]
],
'sym': [
["!", "@", "#", "$", "%", "^", "&", "*", "(", ")"],
["=", "+", "[", "]", "{", "}", "|", "\\", "/", "?"],
["<", ">", "~", "`", ":", ";", "'", '"', ",", "."],
["-", "_", "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7"],
["[abc]", "[ABC]", "[SPACE]", "[<]", "[ENT]"]
]
}
# === Updated Password Input Function ===
def prompt_for_password():
mode = 'abc'
password = ""
cursor_index = 0

rows_per_page = 5 # Number of rows to display at once
max_columns = 10 # Maximum number of columns we can fit
offset = 0 # The starting row for the current screen display

while True:
# Get the current keyboard layout
grid = keyboard_pages[mode]
flat_grid = [(char, r, c) for r, row in enumerate(grid) for c, char in enumerate(row)]

max_index = len(flat_grid) - 1 # Maximum index in the keyboard layout

# Debugging prints to track the error
print(f"max_index: {max_index}")
print(f"cursor_index: {cursor_index}")
print(f"len(flat_grid): {len(flat_grid)}")

# Ensure cursor_index is within valid bounds
if cursor_index > max_index:
cursor_index = max_index # Ensure the cursor doesn't exceed the bounds
print(f"Reset cursor_index to {cursor_index}")

# Ensure available rows is not exceeded
visible_rows = flat_grid[offsetffset + rows_per_page * max_columns]
if len(visible_rows) > rows_per_page * max_columns:
visible_rows = visible_rows[:rows_per_page * max_columns] # Truncate if out of bounds

print(f"visible_rows length: {len(visible_rows)}")

encoder.set(value=cursor_index, min_val=0, max_val=max_index)
cursor_index = encoder.value()
selected_char, sel_row, sel_col = flat_grid[cursor_index]

oled.fill(0)

# Show password label and password on the same row (1st row)
oled.text(f"PW: {password[-16:]}", 0, 0) # Limit the displayed password to the last 16 chars

# Display the visible rows (rest of the rows)
for idx, (char, r, c) in enumerate(visible_rows):
row_idx = idx // max_columns
col_idx = idx % max_columns
x = col_idx * 12 # Adjust for width of each character
y = 12 + row_idx * 8 # Adjust for the row spacing (start below the password row)

if r == sel_row and c == sel_col:
oled.fill_rect(x - 1, y - 1, 12, 8, 1) # Highlight selected character
oled.text(char, x, y, 0)
else:
oled.text(char, x, y, 1)

oled.show()

# Handle button press
if button.value() == 0:
if selected_char == "[<]":
password = password[:-1]
elif selected_char == "[SPACE]":
password += " "
elif selected_char == "[ENT]":
break
elif selected_char == "[abc]":
mode = 'abc'
cursor_index = 0
elif selected_char == "[ABC]":
mode = 'ABC'
cursor_index = 0
elif selected_char == "[SYM]":
mode = 'sym'
cursor_index = 0
else:
password += selected_char
time.sleep(0.3)

# Scrolling functionality for rows (optional)
if encoder.value() == len(flat_grid) - 1: # If encoder reaches the last item
offset += rows_per_page
if offset > len(flat_grid) - rows_per_page:
offset = 0 # Reset to top if we've reached the end
time.sleep(0.3)

return password


from main, parts that handle OLED and ENCODER

if button.value() == 0:
menu_mode = not menu_mode
submenu_mode = False
time.sleep(0.25)

if menu_mode:
if not submenu_mode:
# Display the Wi-Fi menu
display_wifi_menu(wifi_menu_index)

if button.value() == 0:
selected = wifi_menu_index
if wifi_menu_items[selected] == "Setup":
wifi_ssids = scan_wifi()
encoder.set(value=0, min_val=0, max_val=len(wifi_ssids) - 1)
submenu_mode = True
time.sleep(0.25)
elif wifi_menu_items[selected] == "Details":
# Handle the "Details" option
print("Displaying Wi-Fi Details...")
time.sleep(0.25)

else:
# Handle Wi-Fi SSID selection (submenu)
display_wifi_selection(wifi_ssids, wifi_ssid_index)
if button.value() == 0:
selected_ssid = wifi_ssids[encoder.value()]
if selected_ssid == "[Hidden SSID]":
selected_ssid = prompt_for_password() # reuse to enter SSID
password = prompt_for_password()
print("Selected SSID:", selected_ssid)
print("Entered Password:", password)
time.sleep(0.5)
else:
# Handle other modes (if applicable)
pass

# Handle the encoder for menu navigation
if encoder.value() == 0: # Move up
wifi_menu_index = max(0, wifi_menu_index - 1)
elif encoder.value() == len(wifi_menu_items) - 1: # Move down
wifi_menu_index = min(len(wifi_menu_items) - 1, wifi_menu_index + 1)
time.sleep(0.1)

# Show TOTP periodically
if time.ticks_ms() - oled_timer > 250:
oled_timer = time.ticks_ms()
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("TOTP:", 0, 0)
oled.text(current_code, 0, 10)
oled.text("WiFi OK", 0, 20)
oled.text(f"Dial: {encoder.value()}", 0, 30)
oled.show()

time.sleep(0.02)

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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