[Python] No DFU devices detected while trying to implement MicroPython on STM32F4Discovery

I am trying to use Python on the STM32 microcontroller family and am using the STM32F4 Discovery board with the STM32F429 MCU for experimentation.

The MicroPython GitHub ReadMe has a walkthrough for the STMs, but I keep failing at the deployment step where it keeps raising the value error 'No DFU device found'. (This happens on Manjaro inside VirtualBox on a Windows host.)

Now I've tried simply getting the board recognized as a DFU device on both Linux and the Windows host machine, to no avail. Windows does show the board in the hardware manager, but it always shows it as "STM32 STLink". It also is not recognized by the file system as mass storage, as opposed to a STM32F103 Nucleo-64 board that I've also tried, which was (on both Windows and Linux). Then again, the F103 Nucleo does also not get recognized as a DFU device (although I may not have had the proper boot pin up/down pulling with that one).

I tried following an official tutorial using DfuSe here:

Getting started with the STM32 built-in USB DFU bootloader

However, at around 3:45 when the device gets recognized as "STM Device in DFU mode", it doesn't for me. And it doesn't show any "Available DFU Devices" in the respective drop down in DfuSe. I tried looking for a driver called "STM Device in DFU mode", but I didn't come across anything official or hope-inspiring.

My setup:

• the boot0 pin is pulled up by bridging it with VDD
• connect the STLink part of the board (CN1) to the PC via mini-USB-to-USB cable
• the jumpers at CN4 are both connected
• the jumper at Idd (JP3) is connected
• Windows 10 Pro (and Manjaro on a VirtualBox VM)

What I've tried so far:

• installing DfuSe
• installing the DfuSe drivers that come shipped with it manually
• downloading and installing USB drivers from the official STMicroelectronics webpage
• using dfu-util on Linux
• installing the Virtual COM port driver from the ST webpage
• installing the ST-LINK Utility

The only success at all that I had so far was getting the ST-LINK Utility to recognize the board and being able to upload .hex files with it. Sadly, that doesn't really help me in respect to MicroPython.

How can I get MicroPython onto the STM32F4? How can I get the board recognized as a DFU device?

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