[Python] How to set extra index with credentials for uv like pip configuration

Similar to this question, we want to specify an extra package index to be used by uv. However, our package index url contains private information, i.e., user name and token.

Up to now, we used pip to install packages and set the extra index within a non-versioned local file pip.conf which reads

[global]
extra-index-url = https://<user>:<token>@artifacts.path.to.commercial.index


Using the "global" file pip.conf had the benefit that the index was consumed from within several local repositories.

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