I was using speech_recognition with the latest version of Python (3.9). And for some reason, pip did not (still does not) allow me to install pyaudio. sample of the error message: _portaudiomodule.c c:\program files\python39\include\pyconfig.h(117): warning C4005: 'MS_WIN64': macro redefinition src/_portaudiomodule.c: note: see previous definition of 'MS_WIN64' src/_portaudiomodule.c(29): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'portaudio.h': No such file or directory error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.16.27023\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2 ---------------------------------------- It has been meaningless for me to look for what portaudio.h does. Here is the solution. I hope you don't waste your time like I did. Continue reading...