[Python] How to avoid circular imports in a Flask app with Flask SQLAlchemy models?

I'm getting into Flask and building out an app that uses Flask SQLAlchemy. I've created a basic API that works when all the code is in a single file, but would like to better organize it, like so:

app/models/user.py

from datetime import datetime
from app.app import db


class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
public_id = db.Column(db.String, unique=True)
admin = db.Column(db.Boolean)
username = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)
password = db.Column(db.String(100))
subscription_plan = db.Column(db.Integer)
created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, index=True,
default=datetime.utcnow())
updated_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, index=True, default=datetime.utcnow())


app/app.py

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash
import uuid

from app.models.user import User

app = Flask(__name__)

app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = #SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI

db = SQLAlchemy(app)

# ... CRUD routes that will use User

@app.route('/user', methods=['POST'])
def create_user():
data = request.get_json()
hashed_password = generate_password_hash(data['password'])
new_user = User(
public_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
username=data['username'],
password=hashed_password,
email=data['email'],
admin=data['admin'],
subscription_plan=data['subscription_plan']
)
db.session.add(new_user)
db.session.commit()
return jsonify({'message': 'User successfully created.'})


if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(port=5000, debug=True)


I would like to import db from app/app.py into my app/models/user.py file, but when I then try to import the User model into app/app.py, it gives me an error because of the circular import. I have no idea how to get around this because it seems like User needs db after it gets passed an instance of app from app/app.py.

I'd also like to move my routes out of here and into separate files for better organization, so trying to understand the best way to avoid circular imports all around. Any and all help is greatly appreciated!

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