[Python] How can I handle circular dependencies in Python when using import in a large project?

I’m working on a large Python project, and I’ve come across a situation where two or more modules have circular dependencies. For example, module A imports module B, and module B imports module A (directly or indirectly). This is causing an ImportError because the interpreter can’t resolve the dependencies. I have the following structure: Module A

from module_b import func_b
def func_a():
print("This is function A")
func_b()


Module B

from module_a import func_a

def func_b():
print("This is function B")
func_a()


When I try to run the code, I get the error:

ImportError: cannot import name 'func_a' from partially initialized module 'module_a'


My Questions related to this?

1. What is the best way to handle circular imports in Python, especially when modules need to reference each other?
2. Are there any design patterns I should follow to avoid circular dependencies in the first place?
3. Would breaking the modules into smaller, more focused submodules help prevent this issue, or is there a more Pythonic way to deal with circular imports in large projects?

Continue reading...