I am using Python's wave module to read audio, and using FFmpeg to convert audio from other types to wav. However, I am encountering some problem. I wrote v.py to generate an silence audio file a.wav import sys, wave, math import numpy as np wave_data = np.zeros(44100).astype(np.short) f = wave.open('a.wav', 'wb') f.setnchannels(1) f.setsampwidth(2) f.setframerate(96000) f.writeframes(wave_data.tostring()) f.close() Then I used FFmpeg to "copy" a.wav to b.wav (though it seems to encode / decode the file), but I can only read a.wav with Python; b.wav cannot be opened. [user@localhost tmp]$ ffmpeg -i a.wav b.wav Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.0 : mono Input #0, wav, from 'a.wav': Duration: 00:00:00.46, bitrate: 1536 kb/s Stream #0:0: Audio: pcm_s16le ([1][0][0][0] / 0x0001), 96000 Hz, mono, s16, 1536 kb/s Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (pcm_s16le (native) -> pcm_s16le (native)) Press [q] to stop, [?] for help Output #0, wav, to 'b.wav': Metadata: ISFT : Lavf57.71.100 Stream #0:0: Audio: pcm_s16le ([1][0][0][0] / 0x0001), 96000 Hz, mono, s16, 1536 kb/s Metadata: encoder : Lavc57.89.100 pcm_s16le size= 86kB time=00:00:00.45 bitrate=1537.8kbits/s speed= 706x video:0kB audio:86kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.115646% [user@localhost tmp]$ python3 Python 3.6.4 (default, Jan 23 2018, 22:25:37) [GCC 7.2.1 20170915 (Red Hat 7.2.1-2)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import wave >>> wave.open('a.wav') <wave.Wave_read object at 0x7efea1c5e550> >>> wave.open('b.wav') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/wave.py", line 499, in open return Wave_read(f) File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/wave.py", line 163, in __init__ self.initfp(f) File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/wave.py", line 143, in initfp self._read_fmt_chunk(chunk) File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/wave.py", line 260, in _read_fmt_chunk raise Error('unknown format: %r' % (wFormatTag,)) wave.Error: unknown format: 65534 >>> How should I change the command of FFmpeg to convert the file to WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, so that I can read b.wav with Python? Continue reading...