I have a simple question relating to creating 'case when' SQL equivalent in Python. I have a list of twitter statements from which I need to extract and categorize windows version in new column. Currently I created below function, but it does not work creating error message: ValueError: The truth value of a Series is ambiguous. Use a.empty, a.bool(), a.item(), a.any() or a.all(). if df['twitter'].str.lower().str.contains('windows 11'): return 'windows 11' elif df['twitter'].str.lower().str.contains('windows 10') : return 'windows 10' return 'windows 8 or older' df['windows_version'] = df['twitter'].apply(windows_ver) Can you please advise how may I correctly create new column 'windows_version' categorizing tweets relating to particular system? Thank you in advance for help! Continue reading...