I have the following dataframe where I show how many times I have seen a move from Item1 to Item 2. For example there is one transition from A to B, 2 from A to C , 1 from C to A Item1 Item2 Moves 1 A B 1 2 A C 2 3 B D 3 4 C A 1 5 C B 5 6 D B 4 7 D C 1 I would like to calculate the difference between two items, so a newly constructed Dataframe would be the following Item1 Item2 Moves 1 A B 1 2 A C 1 3 B D -1 4 C B 5 5 D C 1 Does anyone have any idea how to do that using Pandas? I guess i need to index on the first two columns but I quite new in Pandas and i face a lot of difficulties. Thanks EDIT There can't be any duplicate pairs.For example you cant see twice a->b (but you can of course see b->a) Continue reading...