I have this dataframe: mu_post z c t index a b 0 0.0 0.0 0.042824 0.051212 0.5 0.5 0.048293 0.058130 1.0 1.0 0.047267 0.074043 1 0.0 0.0 0.058205 0.054106 0.5 0.5 0.064153 0.063573 1.0 1.0 0.056918 0.059572 2 0.0 0.0 0.059032 0.052211 0.5 0.5 0.070616 0.066792 1.0 1.0 0.056892 0.045061 produced by: import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame({('mu_post', 'c'): {(0, 0.0, 0.0): 0.042824223871028126, (0, 0.5, 0.5): 0.04829260822563669, (0, 1.0, 1.0): 0.047267365970316805, (1, 0.0, 0.0): 0.05820509767743391, (1, 0.5, 0.5): 0.06415323721481726, (1, 1.0, 1.0): 0.0569177959009184, (2, 0.0, 0.0): 0.05903204294019807, (2, 0.5, 0.5): 0.07061613725719014, (2, 1.0, 1.0): 0.056892088025082874}, ('mu_post', 't'): {(0, 0.0, 0.0): 0.051212446939110846, (0, 0.5, 0.5): 0.058129980845875964, (0, 1.0, 1.0): 0.07404310411549644, (1, 0.0, 0.0): 0.05410577324029455, (1, 0.5, 0.5): 0.06357338131851693, (1, 1.0, 1.0): 0.0595723832219094, (2, 0.0, 0.0): 0.05221119083827467, (2, 0.5, 0.5): 0.06679207329135116, (2, 1.0, 1.0): 0.04506069626935631}}) I want to add odds. def odds(p): return p / (1-p) I can assign like this: df.assign( odds_c=lambda x: odds(x[('mu_post', 'c')]), odds_t=lambda x: odds(x[('mu_post', 't')]), ) mu_post odds_c odds_t c t 0 0.0 0.0 0.042824 0.051212 0.044740 0.053977 0.5 0.5 0.048293 0.058130 0.050743 0.061718 1.0 1.0 0.047267 0.074043 0.049612 0.079964 1 0.0 0.0 0.058205 0.054106 0.061802 0.057201 0.5 0.5 0.064153 0.063573 0.068551 0.067889 1.0 1.0 0.056918 0.059572 0.060353 0.063346 2 0.0 0.0 0.059032 0.052211 0.062735 0.055087 0.5 0.5 0.070616 0.066792 0.075982 0.071573 1.0 1.0 0.056892 0.045061 0.060324 0.047187 But what I really want is for the columns MultiIndex to be [(mu_post, c), (mu_post, t), (odds, c), (odds, t)] If possible I'd like to use the pipe/apply/assign style of chaining methods together. Continue reading...