@HostBinding and @HostListener: what do they do and what are they for?

In my meanderings around the world wide interweb, and now especially the angular.io style docs, I find many references to @HostBinding and @HostListener. It seems they are quite fundamental, but unfortunately the documentation for them at the moment is a little sketchy.

Can anyone please explain what they are, how they work and give an example of their usage?

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